{"id":1752,"date":"2016-02-11T20:44:38","date_gmt":"2016-02-11T19:44:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/trans-history.centropa.org\/pl\/?post_type=interviews&#038;p=1752"},"modified":"2016-02-11T20:44:38","modified_gmt":"2016-02-11T19:44:38","slug":"frida-muchnik","status":"publish","type":"interviews","link":"https:\/\/trans-history.centropa.org\/pl\/wywiady\/frida-muchnik\/","title":{"rendered":"Frida Muchnik"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>(Wywiady dost\u0119pne s\u0105 w j\u0119zykach angielskim i ukrai\u0144skim. Prosimy o wyrozumia\u0142o\u015b\u0107.)<\/p>\n<p><em>Bershad, Ukraine<br \/>\nInterview conducted in May 2004 by Zhanna Litinskaya<\/em><\/p>\n<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-1752 gallery-columns-6 gallery-size-thumbnail'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/trans-history.centropa.org\/pl\/interviews\/frida-muchnik\/trans-history_interviews_muchnik_ukfmu001\/#main'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/trans-history.centropa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/trans-history_interviews_muchnik_UKFMU001-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1075\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1075'>\n\t\t\t\tThis is my mother&#8217;s family photo. In the center is grandmother Roiter wearing a kerchief, beside her is grandfather Iosif Roiter. The first from the right is my mother&#8217;s brother, whose name I do not remember, beside him is her younger brother Ehil Roiter, sitting is my mother older brother&#8217;s wife. In the center is my mother Elka Roiter. This photo was taken in Chechelnik some time around 1916.\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/trans-history.centropa.org\/pl\/interviews\/frida-muchnik\/trans-history_interviews_muchnik_ukfmu002\/#main'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/trans-history.centropa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/trans-history_interviews_muchnik_UKFMU002-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1079\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1079'>\n\t\t\t\tOn the left is my father Moisey Muchnik, with him are his brothers Motl and Folyk Muchnik. This photo was taken in Bershad in a photo shop before WWI, in 1916; the brothers are wearing papaha overcoats made by my father.\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/trans-history.centropa.org\/pl\/interviews\/frida-muchnik\/trans-history_interviews_muchnik_ukfmu003\/#main'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/trans-history.centropa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/trans-history_interviews_muchnik_UKFMU003-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1083\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1083'>\n\t\t\t\tMy father Moisey Muchnik is on the right, in the center is his brother Folyk, on the left is his brother Motl, This photo was taken in 1917 in Bershad, before my father brothers&#8217; departure abroad. \n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/trans-history.centropa.org\/pl\/interviews\/frida-muchnik\/trans-history_interviews_muchnik_ukfmu004\/#main'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/trans-history.centropa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/trans-history_interviews_muchnik_UKFMU004-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1087\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1087'>\n\t\t\t\tIn this photograph is my brother Ehil Muchnik (on the left) with his friends. This photo was taken during their pre-diploma practical training in Donetsk. He sent it home to Bershad for the memory, 1940. \n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/trans-history.centropa.org\/pl\/interviews\/frida-muchnik\/trans-history_interviews_muchnik_ukfmu005\/#main'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/trans-history.centropa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/trans-history_interviews_muchnik_UKFMU005-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1091\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1091'>\n\t\t\t\tMy older brother Velvl Muchnik, sent this photo home to Bershad during his service in the army in Leningrad, late 1930s.\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/trans-history.centropa.org\/pl\/interviews\/frida-muchnik\/trans-history_interviews_muchnik_ukfmu006\/#main'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/trans-history.centropa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/trans-history_interviews_muchnik_UKFMU006-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1095\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1095'>\n\t\t\t\tThis is my brother Ehil Muchnik. This photo was taken in 1940 after he obtained a diploma in his technical school.\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/trans-history.centropa.org\/pl\/interviews\/frida-muchnik\/trans-history_interviews_muchnik_ukfmu007\/#main'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/trans-history.centropa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/trans-history_interviews_muchnik_UKFMU007-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1099\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1099'>\n\t\t\t\tThis is me. This photo was taken in a photo shop in 1956,  Bershad.\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/trans-history.centropa.org\/pl\/interviews\/frida-muchnik\/trans-history_interviews_muchnik_ukfmu008\/#main'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/trans-history.centropa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/trans-history_interviews_muchnik_UKFMU008-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1103\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1103'>\n\t\t\t\tThis is me sitting first from the right, with my school friends. The girl from the left wearing a colorful dress is Zina Fihrer, she lives in Israel.  She one in the center, she has a white collar, is Klara, she also lives in Israel, standing on the right is my friend Polia, she lives in America. This photo was taken in Bershad in 1946.\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/trans-history.centropa.org\/pl\/interviews\/frida-muchnik\/trans-history_interviews_muchnik_ukfmu009\/#main'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/trans-history.centropa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/trans-history_interviews_muchnik_UKFMU009-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1107\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1107'>\n\t\t\t\tThis is my cousin, whose name I can&#8217;t remember, with my brother Velvl, photographed in 1940, when she was on vacation in Odessa and stayed with Velvl. \n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/trans-history.centropa.org\/pl\/interviews\/frida-muchnik\/trans-history_interviews_muchnik_ukfmu010\/#main'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/trans-history.centropa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/trans-history_interviews_muchnik_UKFMU010-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1111\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1111'>\n\t\t\t\tThis is me. This photo was taken in a photo shop in Bershad in 1956.  I was photographed for the memory for the family album.\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/trans-history.centropa.org\/pl\/interviews\/frida-muchnik\/trans-history_interviews_muchnik_ukfmu011\/#main'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/trans-history.centropa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/trans-history_interviews_muchnik_UKFMU011-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1115\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1115'>\n\t\t\t\tThis is me. This photo was taken in a photo shop in Bershad in 1962.  I was photographed for the memory for the family album.\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/trans-history.centropa.org\/pl\/interviews\/frida-muchnik\/trans-history_interviews_muchnik_ukfmu012\/#main'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/trans-history.centropa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/trans-history_interviews_muchnik_UKFMU012-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1119\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1119'>\n\t\t\t\tThis is me, Frida Muchnik, in Bershad in 1972. I worked in a cooperative that had a photo shop. They photographed me for free. \n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/trans-history.centropa.org\/pl\/interviews\/frida-muchnik\/trans-history_interviews_muchnik_ukfmu013\/#main'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/trans-history.centropa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/trans-history_interviews_muchnik_UKFMU013-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/trans-history.centropa.org\/pl\/interviews\/frida-muchnik\/trans-history_interviews_muchnik_ukfmu014\/#main'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/trans-history.centropa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/trans-history_interviews_muchnik_UKFMU014-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1127\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1127'>\n\t\t\t\tThis is me on vacation in Vinnitsa, 1967.\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/trans-history.centropa.org\/pl\/interviews\/frida-muchnik\/trans-history_interviews_muchnik_ukfmu015\/#main'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/trans-history.centropa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/trans-history_interviews_muchnik_UKFMU015-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1131\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1131'>\n\t\t\t\tThis is me. This photo was taken in the Podolie hotel in Bershad in  2004  during the interview.\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p>Mrs. Muchnik\u2019s family came from Bershad, a Jewish town with a minor Ukrainian population, where she still lives today. She recalls how during the period of forced famine, \u201ca horse-drawn wagon full of dead bodies rode along the streets\u201d and that the family survived only thanks to her mother\u2019s energy and hard work. When the Germans started to bomb Bershad in July 1941, they wanted to evacuate, but the roads were already blocked. It is difficult for the interviewee to recall the period of occupation, when they stayed in the ghetto and her mother made every effort to hide her or bribe policemen in order to save her from abuse. In the meantime, her two brothers were recruited at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War and they never saw them again. After the liberation of Bershad in March 1944, she finished school, went to work to support her parents and had no opportunity to found her own family. Her touching story comes with 15 photos.<\/p>\n<p>Learn more about Frida Muchnik <a href=\"http:\/\/www.centropa.org\/biography\/frida-muchnik\" target=\"_blank\">here on the Centropa website<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>(Wywiady dost\u0119pne s\u0105 w j\u0119zykach angielskim i ukrai\u0144skim. Prosimy o wyrozumia\u0142o\u015b\u0107.) Bershad, Ukraine Interview conducted in May 2004 by Zhanna Litinskaya Mrs. Muchnik\u2019s family came from Bershad, a Jewish town with a minor Ukrainian population, where she still lives today. She recalls how during the period of forced famine, \u201ca horse-drawn wagon full of dead &#8230; <a title=\"Frida Muchnik\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/trans-history.centropa.org\/pl\/wywiady\/frida-muchnik\/\" aria-label=\"Dowiedz si\u0119 wi\u0119cej o Frida Muchnik\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1137,"menu_order":0,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","generate_page_header":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[40],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1752","interviews","type-interviews","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bershad-pl","infinite-scroll-item"],"acf":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/trans-history.centropa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/trans-history_interviews_muchnik_UKFMU010_cover.jpg",400,222,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/trans-history.centropa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/trans-history_interviews_muchnik_UKFMU010_cover-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/trans-history.centropa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/trans-history_interviews_muchnik_UKFMU010_cover-300x167.jpg",300,167,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/trans-history.centropa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/trans-history_interviews_muchnik_UKFMU010_cover.jpg",400,222,false],"large":["https:\/\/trans-history.centropa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/trans-history_interviews_muchnik_UKFMU010_cover.jpg",400,222,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/trans-history.centropa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/trans-history_interviews_muchnik_UKFMU010_cover.jpg",400,222,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/trans-history.centropa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/trans-history_interviews_muchnik_UKFMU010_cover.jpg",400,222,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"4l3x_4dm.n","author_link":"https:\/\/trans-history.centropa.org\/pl\/author\/4l3x_4dm-n\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"(Wywiady dost\u0119pne s\u0105 w j\u0119zykach angielskim i ukrai\u0144skim. Prosimy o wyrozumia\u0142o\u015b\u0107.) Bershad, Ukraine Interview conducted in May 2004 by Zhanna Litinskaya Mrs. Muchnik\u2019s family came from Bershad, a Jewish town with a minor Ukrainian population, where she still lives today. She recalls how during the period of forced famine, \u201ca horse-drawn wagon full of dead&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/trans-history.centropa.org\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/interviews\/1752","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/trans-history.centropa.org\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/interviews"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/trans-history.centropa.org\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/interviews"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trans-history.centropa.org\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/trans-history.centropa.org\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/interviews\/1752\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trans-history.centropa.org\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1137"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/trans-history.centropa.org\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1752"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trans-history.centropa.org\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1752"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trans-history.centropa.org\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1752"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}